Muscle | Action |
1. Temporalis | Elevates mandible |
2. Epicranius (frontal belly)* | Elevates eyebrows & wrinkles forehead |
3. Orbicularis oculi | Closes eye |
4. Orbicularis oris | Closes mouth, puckers lips |
5. Zygomaticus major | Elevates corners of lips |
6. Buccinator | Compresses cheeks |
7. Risorius | Draws corners of lips laterally |
8. Masseter | Elevates mandible |
9. Sternocleidomastoid | Flexes & laterally rotates neck |
10. Middle & posterior scalenes | Elevate 1st & 2nd ribs; flex neck |
11. Trapezius | Elevates, retracts, depresses, or rotates scapula upward; elevates clavicle; extend neck |
12. Levator scapulae | Elevates scapula |
13. Splenius capitis | Extends neck (in tandem); rotates & laterally flexes neck to same side (single) |
14. Epicranius (occipital belly)** | Tenses & retracts scalp |
*Some anatomy instructors identify this muscle as:
- Frontalis
- Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
**Some anatomy instructors identify this muscle as:
- Occipitalis
- Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis